Farming Simulator 2013 1.4 No Cd Crack

pecandreakotne
Aug 12, 2023
2 min read

Strategies for improving food security often do so in complex settings such as the Mekong River basin in Southeast Asia. The Mekong is a major food bowl (Smajgl et al., 2015)971 but is also a climate change hotspot (de Sherbinin, 2014; Lebel et al., 2014)972. This area is also a useful illustration of the complexity of adaptation choices and actions in a 1.5C warmer world. Climate projections include increased annual average temperatures and precipitation in the Mekong (Zhang et al., 2017)973, as well as increased flooding and related disaster risks (T.F. Smith et al., 2013; Ling et al., 2015; Zhang et al., 2016)974. Sea level rise and saline intrusion are ongoing risks to agricultural systems in this area by reducing soil fertility and limiting the crop productivity (Renaud et al., 2015)975. The main climate impacts in the Mekong are expected to be on ecosystem health, through salinity intrusion, biomass reduction and biodiversity losses (Le Dang et al., 2013; Smajgl et al., 2015)976; agricultural productivity and food security (Smajgl et al., 2015)977; livelihoods such as fishing and farming (D. Wu et al., 2013)978; and disaster risk (D. Wu et al., 2013; Hoang et al., 2016)979, with implications for human mortality and economic and infrastructure losses.

Changes in the biophysical characteristics of the land surface are known to have an impact on local and regional climates through changes in albedo, roughness, evapotranspiration and phenology, which can lead to a change in temperature and precipitation. This includes changes in land use through agricultural expansion/intensification (e.g., Mueller et al., 2016)1299, reforestation/revegetation endeavours (e.g., Feng et al., 2016; Sonntag et al., 2016; Bright et al., 2017)1300 and changes in land management (e.g., Luyssaert et al., 2014; Hirsch et al., 2017)1301 that can involve double cropping (e.g., Jeong et al., 2014; Mueller et al., 2015; Seifert and Lobell, 2015)1302, irrigation (e.g., Lobell et al., 2009; Sacks et al., 2009; Cook et al., 2011; Qian et al., 2013; de Vrese et al., 2016; Pryor et al., 2016; Thiery et al., 2017)1303, no-till farming and conservation agriculture (e.g., Lobell et al., 2006; Davin et al., 2014)1304, and wood harvesting (e.g., Lawrence et al., 2012)1305. Hence, the biophysical impacts of land-use changes are an important topic to assess in the context of low-emissions scenarios (e.g., van Vuuren et al., 2011b)1306, in particular for 1.5C warming levels (see also Cross-Chapter Box 7 in this chapter).